Punk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Punk - Essay Example The musical and lyrical features of the punk rock, reflected in songs such as â€Å"Anarchy in the U.K.† by the Sex Pistols and â€Å"White Riot† by the Clash, distinguish this genre from the popular music of the period. Therefore, the essential features of the punk musical aesthetics contribute to an understanding of the difference between the punk rock and the other popular rock music styles of the time such as the style of the Beatles. Significantly, â€Å"Anarchy in the U.K.,† the first single of the Sex Pistols, as well as â€Å"White Riot,† the first single of the Clash, divulges the crucial musical and lyrical features of the punk which, in turn, illustrate the distinction of the punk music to the popular music of the day. One notices the quality of fast and bare organization of music in them which reflects the style of the garage rock of the 1960s. The relatively shorter songs of â€Å"Anarchy in the U.K.† as well as â€Å"White Riot,† accompanied by stripped-down instrumentation also indicate the musical elements in the punk rock. These features set the punk rock bands apart from the popular music of the time and the decisive result of this music was undeniably f ar-reaching. As Frith and Horne suggest, â€Å"Punk rock was the ultimate art school music movement. It brought to a head fifteen years of questions about creativity in a mass medium, and tried to keep in play bohemian ideals of authenticity and Pop art ideals of artifice†¦ It ushered popular music into postmodernism.† (Frith and Horne, 124) The short but passionate song of the â€Å"White Riot,† along with quality of its lyrics, which deals with the controversial issues of class and race, illustrates the musical aesthetics of the punk rock in common. The effect of these musical bands, unlike that of the other popular bands such as the Beatles, was visible in the cultural milieu of period. Focusing on the musical elements in the punk rock music, it is illumining to

Development of Legal Protection in EU Courts Dissertation

Development of Legal Protection in EU Courts - Dissertation Example Each established judicial system offers a mechanism for testing the legitimacy of the measures adopted by its respective institutions. In the European Union judicial system, given the democratic deficit as well as the restricted supervisory functions of the European Parliament, it is of the essence that a system be created to control the actions, decisions or privileges enjoyed by the European Union institutions. In this case, the fundamental position rests with the European Union Court of Justice, which is considered as an independent institution charged with defending the rule of law within the Union (Albors-Llorens, 1996).Before the Treaty of Lisbon brought amendments to the European Union, the major procedure in the event of judicial review was provided for in Article 230 EC Treaty, which gave non-privileged applicants the right to directly challenge the unjustifiable acts of the Union’s institutions such as the European Parliament, the Commission, the Council and the Euro pean Union Central Bank. Hypothetically, this previous mechanism stood as the standard judicial review instrument that was open to individuals. However, in reality, the possibility has been limited given its restrictive requirements on the issue of standing conditions for annulment and the strict interpretation of the requirements of individual concern that was adopted by the Court in the Plaumann case (Albors-Llorens, 2003), (Note 1). This means that these possibilities have been restrictive given the nature of the requirements.... This means that these possibilities have been restrictive given the nature of the requirements on the locus standi conditions, which are very strict. Again, hypothetically, they should be the primary channel for individuals to seek when reviewing the EU measures (Parfouru, 2007). The restrictive nature of the action for annulment as well as its strict interpretation by the Court denote a key impediment to access by the non-privileged applicants to the Court contrary to the privileged position enjoyed by the Member States and the EU institutions. This off-putting approach has been at the center of controversy and has been strongly criticized by members of the judiciary and scholars (Note 2). For instance, the adversaries of the system have challenged the approach claiming it violates the principle of effective judicial protection (Gormley, 2006). According to them, such restrictive approach is unfortunate as it leads to denial of justice. This condition is inconsistent with the common constitutional values, including the European Convention on Human Rights and Charter of Fundamental Rights, both of which the EU is based. The action for annulment, as provided for by Article 263 TFEU, is at the focal point of the EU judicial system. Its origin can be traced in the annulment proceedings against the unlawful administrative action as referred as by the Member States’ legal system. The Article allows non-privileged applicants, who may comprise any natural or legal person, to directly challenge the illegal measures. This results from the direct effect, which the EU has with regard to natural and legal persons as well as the Member States. Further, the restrictive locus standi to bring an action for annulment is one of